Issue: № 9, 2025
Doi: https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2025.9.14
The paper proposes a holistic administrative-legal model of protecting citizens from accusations of collaborationism, which is based on the theoretical and methodological principles of the institution of protection and clarifies its conceptual boundaries in relation to related categories - protection, guarantees and ensuring rights. Within the framework of the study, the author's definition of "administrative-legal protection of citizens from accusations of collaborationism" is formulated. The theoretical characteristic of collaborationism as a socio-legal phenomenon is revealed, taking into account the distinction between voluntary cooperation and forced behavior of civilians. The basic principles of administrative protection of a person against accusations of collaborationism are substantiated and their implementation in administrative procedures is shown. The methodological toolkit combines comparative law, systemic, historical-legal and law enforcement approaches, which allows harmonizing doctrine with practice. The place of administrative legislation in the general system of countering collaborationism is determined and the regulatory and legal foundations of administrative legal protection in Ukraine are systematized in connection with constitutional guarantees of rights and freedoms. An analysis of the current legislation on the definition and qualification of collaboration activities is carried out and organizational and legal mechanisms of response are highlighted, including internal administrative review. The system of protection subjects with the distribution of competencies is outlined. Key procedural guarantees of individual rights are highlighted - the right to appeal, access to evidence, the right to legal aid as a condition for the legitimacy of any restrictive measures. Based on foreign experience, proportionality criteria, standards of proof and models of judicial control have been formulated, and areas of improvement have been proposed: unification of administrative procedure, strengthening the role of administrative justice, development of electronic tools for proceedings and harmonization with European standards.
Keywords : administrative legal protection, collaborative activity, principle, administrative procedure, procedural guarantees, citizens, administrative justice
References:
1. Ostapenko O.I. et al. Administrative law of Ukraine (general part). Lviv, 2021. 618 p. (in Ukrainian).
2. Protection of human rights by administrative and legal means: legislation. Judicial practice. Sample documents / ed. S.V. Petkova. Kyiv, 2024. 456 p. (in Ukrainian).
3. Holodnyk Yu.A. Methodology of scientific research of theoretical and legal principles of administrative and legal support of law enforcement agencies. Scientific notes. Series: Law. 2022. No. 13. pp. 232–235. URL: https://pravo.cusu.edu.ua/index.php/pravo/article/view/241/239. (in Ukrainian).
4. On the Purification of Power: Law of Ukraine dated 16.09.2014 No. 1682-VII: as of March 31, 2023 URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1682-18#Text (in Ukrainian).
5. Constitution of Ukraine: dated 28.06.1996 No. 254к/96-ВР: as of January 1, 2020 URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254к/96-вр#Text (in Ukrainian).
6. HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights. Case of Mikhaylova v. Ukraine. URL: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B"itemid":["001-181381"]%7D
7. Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case on the constitutional submission of the Security Service of Ukraine on the official interpretation of the provisions of part three of Article 62 of the Constitution of Ukraine: Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine dated 20.10.2011 No. 12-рп/2011. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v012p710-11#Text (in Ukrainian).
8. On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine regarding the establishment of criminal liability for collaboration activities: Law of Ukraine dated 03.03.2022 No. 2108-IX. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2108-20#Text (in Ukrainian).
9. On the legal regime of martial law: Law of Ukraine dated 12.05.2015 No. 389-VIII: as of May 14, 2025 URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389-19#Text (in Ukrainian).
10. On sanctions: Law of Ukraine dated 14.08.2014 No. 1644-VII: as of 1 Aug. 2025 URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1644-18#Text (in Ukrainian).
11. Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses (Articles 1 - 212-24): Code of Ukraine dated 07.12.1984 No. 8073-X: as of 1 Sep. 2025 URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10#Text (in Ukrainian).
12. Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine: Code of Ukraine dated 06.07.2005 No. 2747-IV: as of 8 Aug. 2025 URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2747-15#Text (in Ukrainian).
13. HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights. Case of Karácsony and others v. Hungary. (Applications nos. 42461/13 and 44357/13) URL: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B"itemid":["001-162831"]%7D
14. HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights. Case of lawless v. Ireland (no. 3), (application no 332/57)URL: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B"itemid":["001-57518"]%7D
15. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Council of Europe Convention of 04.11.1950: as of 1 Aug. 2021 URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004#Text (in Ukrainian).
16. France in World War II – Wikipedia. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_during_World_War_II
17. Frei N. Adenauer's Germany and the Nazi Past: The Politics of Amnesty and Integration. New York, 2002. pp. 109-115. https://dokumen.pub/adenauers-germany-and-the-nazi-past-the-politics-of-amnesty-and-integration-9780231507905.html
18. The legality of the israeli occupation of the occupied palestinian territory, including east jerusalem. United Nations Digital Library System. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4025075/files/1386796EN.pdf
19. Shapoval R.V. Modern view of the administrative and legal experience of Turkey in preventing collaborative activities. State and Regions. Law Series. 2024. No. 4 (86). P. 343-353. (in Ukrainian).
20. 7075 sayılı Olağanüstü Hal İşlemleri İnceleme Komisyonu Kurulması Hakkında… - Konsolide metin | LEXPERA. LEXPERA. URL: https://www.lexpera.com.tr/mevzuat/kanunlar/olaganustu-hal-islemleri-inceleme-komisyonu-kurulmasi-hakkinda-kanun-hukmunde-kararnamenin-1
21. Stan L. Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: Reckoning with the Communist Past. London, 2009. pp. 90–98.
22. HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights. CASE OF MATYJEK v. POLAND (Application no. 38184/03). URL: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#%7B"itemid":["001-80219"]%7D
23. Bell C. Transitional Justice, Interdisciplinarity and the State of the 'Field' or 'Non-Field'. International Journal of Transitional Justice. 2009. Vol. 3 (1). P. 5–27. (in English).
24. Zaikina Н M., Drozd O.Yu., Politanskyі V.S. Classification of actions of persons who performed functions to ensure the life of the community during the occupation, through the prism of the administrative legislation of Ukraine and the norms of international humanitarian law. Legal scientific electronic journal. 2025. No. 8. pp, 150-159. URL: http://lsej.org.ua/index.php/arkhiv-nomeriv. (in Ukrainian).
25. Shapoval R. V. Some issues of consideration of minor cases related to collaboration activities by administrative courts. Juris Europens Scientia. 2025. N 2. pp.127-133. (in Ukrainian).
26. Shapoval R. V. Gaps in administrative and legal legislation regarding the legal assessment of collaboration activities, in the context of the norms of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Legal Scientific Electronic Journal. 2024. No. 12. pp. 667-671. (in Ukrainian).