Issue: № 10, 2024
Doi: https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2024.10.5
This paper is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of discrimination in the market, considering its different forms, causes and mechanisms. Discrimination conveys the stagnation of unqualified criteria that place different groups of workers at a disadvantage through characteristics such as age, race, age, religion or social status. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between level of education and access to the market, as well as to the manifestations of gender and ethnic segregation. The episodes of segregation are analyzed, where women and ethnic minorities often face limited opportunities and lower incomes. The statistics have comprehensive research methods that support systemic-structural analysis, the assessment of international data and a historical review of legal initiatives aimed at combating discrimination. Of course, our attention is focused on the legislation of the USA, Great Britain and Australia, as well as on the transformation of the policy of the European Union with equal opportunities. Positive applications of legislative changes are analyzed, but the lack of effectiveness of certain anti-discrimination approaches is criticized. In addition, the statistics show a problem of vertical and horizontal segregation, with women often concentrated in less paid sectors, and ethnic minorities stuck behind barriers to access to high places. The key theories of discrimination are described, including “statistical discrimination” and Becker’s “relish” theory. Consequently, the role of positive action and educational programs is emphasized as important tools for the creation of an inclusive environment. The findings support the need for broader anti-discrimination policies, including pay equity, employer and employee outreach programs, and minority incentives. The paper concludes with recommendations for effective strategies to combat discrimination in the workplace and recommendations for improving equal opportunity policies in different countries.
Keywords : discrimination, employment legislation, market segregation, gender equality, minority rights, anti-discrimination policy
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