How the states divide income or tax residence (on the example of Ukraine)

Issue: № 3, 2024

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2024.3.11

Introduction. The past years have once again emphasized the relevance of friendly interstate relations, which create the basis for trade cooperation. International cooperation of states in the unstable conditions of pandemics and wars helps not only to maintain international security, but also provides the development of international trade. The paper analyzes the features of the conditions for avoiding double taxation and determining the country of residence. The publication reveals the problems faced by residents of Ukraine in 2022, namely: multiple taxation and avoidance of double taxation. Features of interstate agreements that guarantee, in particular, to Ukrainian residents, the opportunity to engage in entrepreneurship are highlighted. In our opinion, the conclusion of international treaties by states on the avoidance of double taxation is an act that reflects the political interest of countries in long-term trade cooperation and stimulates the fulfillment of the obligations of countries under treaties in the field of international trade. The purpose of the paper is to study the nature of multiple taxation and the conclusion of agreements on the avoidance of double taxation, its expediency, as well as regulatory consolidation. Results. The research analyzed the regulatory basis of income taxation of Ukrainian business entities, established who is considered a resident. Considered a fairly new category – e-residency, also attention was paid to modern international unilateral acts, normalizing the support of Ukrainian entrepreneurs. Conclusions. Modernity poses new challenges to the world community that the states are forced to cope with. International law is, first of all, partnership, commonwealth, and guarantee of mutual security, including economic security. There is establishment of normative regulation of resident taxation processes and consideration of e-residency as the next stage of development of relations between the state and the resident.

Keywords : avoidance of double taxation, resident, trade relations, multiple taxation, legal regulation, international currency system, law of international cooperation, international trade, international agreement

References:

1. OECD Secretariat analysis of tax treaties and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. URL: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/oecd-secretariat-analysis-of-tax-treaties-and-the-%20impact-of-the-covid-19-crisis-947dcb01/

2. Kolomiiets D.V., Sudarenko O.V. Methods of eliminating double taxation. Ukrainian present – 2022: realities of war and prospects for the country's recovery: All-Ukrainian scientific conference. Lutsk, 2022. pp. 80–82. (in Ukrainian).

3. Avery Jones J.F. Are tax treaties necessary? Tax law review. 1999. № 53. URL: https://www.econbiz.de/Record/are-tax-treaties-necessary-jones-john-avery/10001483245

4. Multilateral convention on the implementation of measures related to tax agreements, with the aim of countering the erosion of the tax base and the withdrawal of income from taxation: Konventsiia Derzhava Izrail of 24.11.2016: as of 28 February 2019. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/376_001-16#Text (in Ukrainian).

5. Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS. OECD. URL: https://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-beps.htm

6. Braslavskyi R.H. Conventions on the avoidance of double taxation as a source of consolidation of the principles of tax law. Actual problems of domestic jurisprudence. 2017. No. 4. pp. 51–55. URL: http://apnl.dnu.in.ua/4_2017/14.pdf (in Ukrainian).

7. Double taxation in international economic relations: the aspect of domestic legislation. Bulletin of the Khmelnytskyi National University. 2013. Vol. 1. № 5. pp. 275–278. URL: https://elar.khmnu.edu.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/29ec73e1-ec66-4b7d-8de2-f65ca46058be/content (in Ukrainian).

8. Zvierieva K.S. Electronic democracy as a form of direct manifestation of the will of the people. European Scientific Discussions: Proceedings of XI International Scientific and Practical Conference (Rome, 13 September 2021). Rome, 2021. pp. 240–245. URL: https://sci-conf.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/EUROPEAN-SCIENTIFIC-DISCUSSIONS-12-14.09.21.pdf (in Ukrainian).

9. International treaties of Ukraine on the avoidance of double taxation. Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. URL: https://mof.gov.ua/uk/international_agreements_of_ukraine_on_avoidance_double_taxation-543 (in Ukrainian).

10. On recommendations regarding the application of conventions on the avoidance of double taxation: Letter of 27.12.2012 no. 1017. 12/12URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v1274810-12#n12 (in Ukrainian).

11. On the approval of the Procedure for exchanging tax information with the competent authorities of foreign countries: Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine of 16.04.2022 № 118. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0606-22#Text (in Ukrainian).

12. Tax Code of Ukraine: Code of Ukraine of 02.12.2010 no. 2755-VI : as of 1 March 2024. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2755-17#Text (in Ukrainian).

13. On the ratification of the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters: Law of Ukraine 17.12.2008 no. 677-VI : as of 28 April 2023. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/677-17#Text (in Ukrainian).

14. On amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine and some other legislative acts of Ukraine regarding the specifics of taxation of business activities of electronic residents: Draft Law of 21.03.2021 № 5270. URL: https://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=71471 (in Ukrainian).

Download paper