1. For authors:

    • Transparency of AI use: Authors must clearly state in the cover letter and in the Acknowledgements section of their article which artificial intelligence tools were used in preparing the manuscript—for example, for language, grammar, formatting, or literature search.
    • Authorship limits: AI cannot be listed as an author or co-author of a scholarly work. Authorship belongs to the people who made a substantial intellectual contribution to the research.
    • Responsibility for content: Authors bear full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and ethics of the submitted material, even when AI tools were used. The journal is not responsible for errors or misinformation produced by AI.
    • Use of AI in scientific analysis: If AI was used to analyse data or obtain results, authors must describe the methodology in detail and explain exactly how AI was applied.
    • Originality and plagiarism: Use of AI must not violate academic integrity, including plagiarism. Manuscripts created with AI must undergo plagiarism screening.

  2. For reviewers:

    • Ethical considerations when using AI: Reviewers should use AI tools cautiously to assist the review process. The review must reflect the reviewer’s own expert judgement and must not be fully or partly generated by AI.
    • Confidentiality: Reviewers must not upload full manuscript texts to public or unsecured AI tools, as this may breach the confidentiality of peer review.
    • Disclosure of AI use (optional): If a reviewer used AI to help prepare the review, they may optionally inform the editor.

  3. For the editorial board:

    • The journal may provide authors and reviewers with recommendations on ethical and responsible use of AI.
    • All manuscripts submitted to the journal must undergo mandatory plagiarism screening, including detection of content that may have been AI-generated.
    • The editorial board’s decisions to accept or reject a manuscript are based on scientific merit, originality, and quality of the research—not on whether AI was used in its preparation.
    • The editorial board continuously reviews and updates the journal’s policy on AI use in light of rapid technological change.